Use of a Hybrid Code
for Global-Scale
Plasma Simulation
Abstract
This paper presents a demonstration of the use of a hybrid code to model the Earth's
magnetosphere on a global scale. The typical hybrid code calculates the interaction of
fully kinetic ions and a massless electron fluid with the magnetic field. This code also
includes a fluid ion component to approximate the cold ionospheric plasma that spatially
overlaps with the discrete particle component. Other innovative features of the code
include a numerically generated curvilinear coordinate system and subcycling of the
magnetic field update to the particle push. These innovations allow the code to
accommodate disparate time and distance scales. The demonstration is a simulation of
the noon meridian plane of the magnetosphere. The code exhibits the formation of fast
and slow-mode shocks and tearing reconnection at the magnetopause. New results
include particle acceleration in the cusp and nearly field aligned currents linking the cusp
and polar ionosphere. The paper also describes a density depletion instability and
measures to avoid it.
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