Lake Ice and 
Snow Science 

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Why Study Lake Ice and Snow?

Changes in Snow

Snowcover exhibits considerable variation from year-to-year in response to the natural variability of atmospheric circulation patterns which affect both snowfall and temperature. Factors that affect snowmelt include: amount of snowfall, air temperatures and sky cover (clouds).

Map of snow extent in March 2000 of North America Graph of melt dates from North Slope of Alaska and site map
During the winter of 1999/2000 there was less snow than usual over North America. This images is a MODIS eight-day composite map showing the maximum snow cover from March 5-12 2000.
  • Snow is white
  • non-snow covered land is green
  • clouds are grey
  • water is blue
The red line represents the "average" March snow line, and the yellow line represents the "average" February snow line, as determined from NOAA/NESDIS snow maps (1966-present).
Source: NASA
The top graph shows an analyses of six independent time series of melt dates in northern Alaska compared with the 1966-2000 Barrow (BRW) melt date record. A 5-year smoothed time series and linear fits are shown. Each is correlated with the NOAA/CMDL-BRW record (red) with coefficients indicated [in brackets] for each of the sites. Notice that there is a trend to earlier melt dates at most of the sites. The map view of northern Alaska (bottom) shows the approximate locations of the seven sites.
Source: adapted from Stone et al., 2001 and NOAA.