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Thermal State of Permafrost (NSF Grants OPP ARC-0520578 and ARC-0632400) |
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Scientific personnel Team Members at University of Alaska Fairbanks: V. E. Romanovsky, K. Yoshikawa (INE, UAF), S. S. Marchenko, A.L.Kholodov Partner Organizations: International Permafrost Association (J. Brown) Collaborators: Alexeev, S.V., Institute of the Earth Crust, SB RAS, Russia Drozdov, D.S., Leybman, M.O., Malkova, G., Moskalenko, N., Pavlov, A.V., Vasiliev, A.A., Institute of Earth Cryosphere, Russia Gilichinsky, D.A., Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russia Grebents V.I., Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University, Russia Romanovskii, N.N., Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Russia Groisman, P., National Climatic Data Center, USA Minkin M.A., Rivkin F.M., Fundamentproject, Russia Oberman, N., MIREKO Stock Company, Syktivkar, Russia Perlstein, G., Sergeev, D. Institute of Environmental Geoscience, Russia Sharkhuu, N., Institute of Geography and Geocryology MAS, Mongolia Shesternev D.M., Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology, Russia Utkina, I., “Gazprom” Joint-stock Company, Russia Zheleznyak, M., Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Russia
The overarching goal of our research is to obtain a deeper understanding of the temporal (interannual and decadal time scales) and spatial (north to south and west to east) variability and trends in the permafrost temperatures in the North of Eurasia and Alaska to develop more reliable predictive capabilities for the projection of these changes into the 21st century.
Thermal state of permafrost in Russia and Central Asia In cooperation with above mentioned Russian partners a large number of existing boreholes have been identified for possible measurements (candidate sites). Many of these have metadata files on the IPA coordinated GTN-P website. Additional sites will be added to the web site. New boreholes over the next several years are planned. A total of 320 boreholes, located in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia were considered from the point of view of possibility for continuous geothermal observations (see Figure). Boreholes cover all types of permafrost, from continuous to sporadic, both on the plains and in the mountains. Active (sites where regular observations were carried out recently and are intended to continue in the future), candidate (where equipment for long-term observations can be installed soon), potential (equipment for long-term observation is planned to be installed during the project) and historical (there are some existing data but now these sites are unavailable for observations for different reasons) boreholes were selected.
In order to standardize all investigations within the framework of the Project the “Manual for monitoring and reporting temperature data in permafrost boreholes” was developed. It allows better standardized collection, handling and interpretation of obtained data. In the Protocol two types of observation strategies are proposed: Type 1: Long-term high-frequency (hourly to daily) continuous observations in the limited number of key boreholes, which are representative of a given regions (note: these more frequent observations are desirable to depths of 15-20 meters); Type 2: Occasional or periodical measurements in the other available and deeper boreholes (if possible annual or more frequently). As a minimum, and based primarily on cost considerations for the IPY-TSP program, the use of HOBO U12 4-External Channel Data Loggers with temperature sensors TMC-HD are proposed. At the same time, individual participants can employ other types of loggers and/or thermal cables (chains) with similar sensor characteristics.
The data reporting process is described in the Protocol document (pdf: 115 kb). The format of reported data was adopted from the NSIDC protocol. Data is available for download on the website of the Cooperative Arctic Data and Information Service (CADIS).
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