Course: ATM F693 - Physics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer, Fall 2004,
Tuesday and Thursday, 3:40 p.m. - 5:40 p.m., International Arctic Research Center (IARC), Room 407
Instructor: Gerhard Kramm
Office Hours: Monday 4:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m., Friday 3:30 p.m. - 4:30 p.m.
Office: IARC, Room 318
Telephone: 474-5992
Email: kramm@gi.alaska.edu
URL: http://www.gi.alaska.edu/~kramm/syllabus_blp.html
Course Description: The course Physics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer mainly comprises the physics of the atmospheric surface layer (also called the Prandtl-layer) and the spiral layer (also called the Ekman layer). The balance equations for macroscopic systems are derived and discussed. Averaging procedures of Reynolds, Hesselberg, and Swinbank are explained and applied to derive the balance equations for turbulent atmospheric systems. Various closure principles of turbulence are presented and their pros and cons are discussed. Measuring techniques and the results of earlier field experiments are evaluated. Spectra of atmospheric turbulence are described, and techniques for analyzing time series data (Fourier analysis and wavelet analysis) are explained and applied to typical data sets. Buckingham's pi-theorem serves to analyze various similarity hypotheses (Monin-Obukhov scaling, Prandtl-Obukhov-Priestley scaling, Kolmogorov-Obukhov-Heisenberg scaling). The effects of surface properties and the energy conversion at land and water surfaces (including snow and ice coverages) on the turbulent state of the atmospheric boundary layer are pointed out, where, in particular, the interaction between the atmosphere and the vegetation-soil system is described. This includes also the effects of heterogeneous surface properties and the thermal stratification as well as orographic effects and boundary layer clouds. The pros and cons of various modeling techniques to predict boundary layer flows are discussed, and examples of numerical simulations are presented.
Prerequisite/co-requisite:
Suggested readings/textbooks: The choice of the textbook depends on you and what type of book you feel comfortably with. I highly recommend to make use of the excellent libraries on campus and work with several books as you need them. The textbooks that provide good material on Physics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer are:
Course objective: At the end of the semester you should be able to understand typical questions in the Physics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and put them into equations. You should be able to solve fundamental problems related to the Physics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer. Fundamental goals are that you develop skills to think as an Atmospheric Scientist and that you learn higher order thinking. This includes application of learnt material to totally different problems or putting learnt material together to solve a problem.
General Information:
Attendance: You should attend class regularly and use a text book of your choice related to Physics of the Atmospheric Boundary layer. Attendance during the in-class exercises is required and will be a part of your grade in this course. Excused absences are absences arranged and approved in advance or absences due to a documented emergency. Such documentation must be made immediately upon the student's return to class. Please understand that this is a college course - you are expected to be on time for class and have all the required material unpacked. A lateness or late unpacking disturbs the course and is unfair to your classmates.Homework: Homework is due at the start of class on Tuesdays. These contributions are expected to be thorough and complete, reflecting the thoughts that you have put into your tasks. No late homework will be accepted except of proven emergency or sickness. It is the student's responsibility to deliver the homework in time. I strongly suggest that you plan and schedule your work early (and not wait until the last minute). I also recommend having backup systems in place so you can have all work completed on schedule. Getting work done on time is a key to early success
In-class exercises: These exercises will often involve group work. They are an important part of your grade for this course to develop your ability to solve scientific tasks, to improve your understanding by applying the material you learnt in class, and they are a preparation for the examinations.
In-class presentations: You must always be able to present the tasks that you provided as homework in front of the class. This means that you will not be told in advance when you will be the person who presents the homework in front of the class. If you are not able to explain and reproduce the homework you provided, the points given for the respective part of the homework will be deducted. If you co-work in groups, any member of the group must be able to calculate the homework at the board in class. It is the student's responsibility to be aware of and to be prepared for each assigned task when it is due. You are expected to calculate in front of the class at least one time per semester. Give the person who is speaking your undivided attention. It is not only common courtesy, but whispering or talking can distract, annoy, and even intimidate students around you as well as myself. Generally, you should treat classmates as you would like, and expect, to be treated yourself.
Examinations: It is the students responsibility to find out when and where the examinations will take place and to be there in time. Only in case of emergency I will allow you to start later on the examination. As there are usually other examinations in the classroom later than your own examination the classroom has to be free in time. This means that I cannot give a prolongation if you come too late for whatever reasons.
Additional policies: All kinds of weapons will not be allowed in class. Due dates are firm, with the exceptions mentioned above as well as documented emergencies. If you have a disability and require any auxiliary aids, services or accommodations under the Americans with Disabilities Act, please contact me after class, see me in the my office, or call me during the first week of the semester to be able to define specific accommodation needs and have enough time for any necessary planning or preparation. If you have any kind of a physical or learning disability you must tell me about it. All disabilities are documented by UAF's Center for Health & Counseling and instructors receive a formal letter requesting that accommodation are made following student with disabilities. Any student who is an UAF sponsored athletic or who has other personal or situational difficulty that might affect class performance is invited to contact me in the first week of the semester (or as soon as such matters emerge) so that ways of accommodating the difficulty may be anticipated.
Grading Policy: This is a success-oriented course. My aim is for all students to meet their individual learning and grade goals. This does not mean, of course, that you can avoid working hard. Instead it means that (1) all students who do well in the in-class exercises, homework, and examinations will be rewarded accordingly and (2) the grade distribution will not be adjusted to make sure it fits a bell-shaped curve. I expect that (1) you aim to give your personal best in the course, and (2) use in-class exercises, homework, and examinations as an opportunity to demonstrate your understanding of the material. Each of you enters the course as an average student, i.e. with a "C" grade and proceeds to work from there. To obtain an "A" grade you will need to produce work that far exceeds my normal expectations. My normal expectations are regularly attending the classes, hard work evidence of time spent with the material and an ability to demonstrate understanding of all concepts.
Grading for ATM F693 will be on a curve and will follow UAF guidelines included in the following table:
| GRADE | UAF GUIDELINES |
| A | An honor grade indicates originality and independent work, a thorough mastery of the subject, and the satisfactory completion of more work than is regularly required. |
| B | Indicates outstanding ability above the average level of performance. |
| C | Indicates a satisfactory or average level of performance. |
| D | The lowest passing grade indicates work of below average quality and performance. |
| F | Indicates failure to meet lowest standards. |
The grade will be made up to equal parts by homework and in class presentations on one hand side and the examinations on the other. This means that it is impossible to receive a grade with having 100 % of the points obtained from homework and zero points from the examinations. To obtain a "C" 50 % of the points achievable from homework and 50 % achievable in the examinations must be obtained. You must not pass both examinations with 50 % of the points. You can put points from the first examination to the final by 50 %. This means that if you pass the first examination with 75 % of the points receivable you can put 12.5 % of the points to the final examination or if you do not achieve the 50 % in the first examination you can work harder to make up 50 % in the sum of the two examinations taking the reduction into account. The grade distribution for both examinations and homework is as follows:
| GRADE | PERCENTAGE OF ALL AVAILABLE POINTS |
| A | 90 - 100% |
| B | 70 - 89% |
| C | 50 - 69% |
| D | 30 - 49% |
| F | less than 30 % |
Grades of "incomplete" will be given only in cases where an extraordinary, exceptional reason, submitted in writing by the student and judged valid by the faculty is provided.
Fall 2004 Schedule: I will distribute a tentative schedule for the entire semester. Learning is an interactive process and each class is individual. Even though I put a lot of thought into the sequence of topics, this schedule is tentative by purpose and subject to change as necessary due to availability of support materials, adaptation to specific needs of the class, etc. The schedule for this class will remain an on-going construction in light of what is accomplished in each class meeting. Since this course will be attended by both undergraduate and graduate students, it might be unavoidable to insert additional subjects or to explain subjects in more detail because of the different levels of the students. Departures from the schedule, such as additional readings, assignments, deadline changes, and activities, may be announced in class. These changes will take priority over the printed schedule to ensure that the goal of this class (see course objective) can be achieved by both undergraduate and graduate students. It is your responsibility to be in class and to keep up-to-date on whatever changes I make, or the class negotiates.